What is GSM in Fabric? Understanding T-Shirt Thickness & Quality
Summary
The article “What is GSM in Fabric? Understanding T-Shirt Thickness & Quality” on PodLyft explains GSM (Grams per Square Meter), a measure of fabric weight affecting t-shirt thickness, durability, breathability, and drape. It covers GSM ranges—lightweight (120-160 GSM), medium-weight (160-200 GSM), and heavyweight (200-300 GSM)—and other quality factors like yarn count and fiber quality. It also discusses post-wash GSM changes, care tips, and choosing GSM based on climate and style. Two interactive tools enhance engagement: the “Discover Your Ideal T-Shirt GSM Quiz” recommends a GSM range, and the “Advanced GSM Calculator” computes fabric GSM, helping readers select the ideal t-shirt.
What is GSM in Fabric? Understanding T-Shirt Thickness & Quality
Ever wondered why some t-shirts feel light and breezy, perfect for a scorching summer day, while others feel thick, substantial, and warm, almost like a second skin? The answer often lies in a fundamental textile measurement: GSM. It’s a term you might encounter when shopping for clothing, but its meaning and impact on what you wear aren’t always obvious.
GSM, or grams per square meter, is a metric unit used to measure the weight of fabric. While it seems simple – just a number indicating weight – it plays a crucial role in determining t-shirt thickness, drape, durability, breathability, and overall quality. Understanding GSM can transform you from a casual observer into an informed consumer, able to select t-shirts that perfectly match your needs, whether for comfort, style, or longevity.
In this comprehensive guide, we will demystify GSM. We’ll explain exactly what it means, delve into how this single measurement affects various aspects of t-shirt performance, break down common GSM ranges and their typical uses, and look beyond GSM at other factors that contribute to a t-shirt’s quality. By the end, you’ll be equipped to make confident choices, knowing how GSM contributes to the feel and function of your favorite tees.
Ready to uncover the secrets woven into the fabric? Let’s dive in and discover how GSM can help you find the perfect t-shirt!
1. What is GSM in Fabric?
At its core, GSM is a measure of fabric density or weight. It stands for Grams per Square Meter. This metric indicates how many grams a piece of fabric weighing one square meter would tip the scales at.
Think of it like comparing different types of paper. A thin tissue paper is lightweight per square meter, while a thick cardstock is much heavier. Fabric works the same way. A low GSM fabric is lighter and generally thinner, while a high GSM fabric is heavier and usually thicker.
How It’s Measured:
The process for determining a fabric’s GSM is standardized and relatively straightforward. It involves:
- Taking a sample of the fabric that measures exactly one square meter (1×1 meter).
- Weighing this sample on a precise scale.
- The weight obtained in grams is the GSM.
For example, if a 1×1 meter sample of t-shirt fabric weighs 180 grams, its GSM is 180. If it weighs 240 grams, its GSM is 240.
Sometimes, smaller samples are used for convenience, such as a square or circle of a specific, standardized size. The weight of the smaller sample is then mathematically scaled up to represent the weight of one square meter. Regardless of the sample size, the result is always expressed as grams per square meter. For a deeper dive into the specific tools and procedures used in fabric measurement, resources like SHBA Movement can provide more technical details on textile testing standards.
Relevance to T-Shirts:
Why is this seemingly technical measurement important for something as common as a t-shirt? Because for apparel like t-shirts, made from knit fabrics like jersey, pique, or interlock, GSM is a primary indicator of:
- Thickness: Higher GSM generally means a thicker fabric.
- Density: Higher GSM means the fibers are packed more densely.
- Weight: It directly tells you how heavy the fabric is.
These factors directly impact how a t-shirt feels, drapes, performs, and holds up over time. Therefore, understanding the GSM in t-shirts is fundamental to understanding their physical characteristics and expected quality.
2. How GSM Affects T-Shirt Thickness and Quality
The GSM of a t-shirt fabric is more than just a number; it’s a key determinant of how that t-shirt looks, feels, and lasts. Let’s explore the specific ways GSM influences t-shirt thickness and quality:
Thickness
This is the most direct correlation. A t-shirt made from 200 GSM fabric will inherently feel and appear thicker than one made from 150 GSM fabric. This difference isn’t just tactile; it affects the garment’s structure and body. Thicker fabrics tend to hold their shape better and feel more substantial.
Durability
Generally, higher GSM fabrics are more durable. More material means more fibers and yarn packed into the same area, making the fabric stronger and more resistant to abrasion, stretching, and tearing. A 220 GSM t-shirt is likely to withstand frequent washing and wear cycles better than a 140 GSM one, making it a better long-term investment in terms of resilience. While fiber type and weave also play significant roles, within the same material, higher GSM usually translates to increased longevity.
Breathability
Breathability is inversely related to density. Lower GSM fabrics, being lighter and less dense, allow more air to pass through. This makes them significantly more breathable and cooler to wear in warm climates. A 150 GSM t-shirt will feel airy and light, perfect for summer heat. Conversely, higher GSM fabrics (200+ GSM) are less breathable but offer better insulation, providing warmth in cooler weather.
Opacity
No one wants a see-through t-shirt. GSM is a major factor influencing a fabric’s opacity. Lower GSM fabrics, especially those made from thin yarns or light colors, are more prone to being transparent. Fabrics starting around 160-180 GSM and above generally offer better opacity, providing more coverage and a greater sense of quality, particularly in lighter shades like white or pastels.
Drape and Fit
The way a fabric hangs on the body is its drape. GSM heavily influences this.
- Lower GSM (e.g., 120-160 GSM): These fabrics are lighter and tend to have a softer, more fluid drape. They conform more readily to the body’s shape, creating a relaxed and often casual silhouette. Think of lightweight summer tees that feel effortless.
- Higher GSM (e.g., 200-300 GSM): These fabrics are heavier and more structured. They have less drape and tend to stand away from the body slightly, creating a more defined or boxy silhouette. This is characteristic of premium, heavyweight tees or streetwear styles that aim for a robust, substantial feel.
In summary, GSM is a powerful indicator of a t-shirt’s physical properties. Understanding how different GSM ranges translate to thickness, durability, breathability, opacity, and drape is crucial for choosing the right t-shirt quality for your specific needs and preferences. To dive deeper into how fabric choice impacts quality, check out our guide on Cotton vs. Polyester: Which Fabric is Best for Printed T-Shirts? to learn how different materials interact with GSM and affect your t-shirt’s performance.
3. GSM Ranges for T-Shirts: A Breakdown
T-shirt fabrics come in a variety of weights, typically categorized into lightweight, medium-weight, and heavyweight ranges. Exploring these ranges with examples helps illustrate the practical implications of GSM.
Lightweight (Typically 120-160 GSM)
- Characteristics: Fabrics in this range are noticeably thin, soft, and feel very light. They usually have a loose, fluid drape.
- Pros: Excellent breathability, making them ideal for hot weather. Quick-drying (especially beneficial for activewear blends). Packable and takes up little space. Often more affordable.
- Cons: Less durable compared to heavier fabrics. Can be prone to stretching out or developing small holes over time with heavy wash and wear. Lighter colors may be somewhat see-through.
- Use Cases: Summer t-shirts, undershirts, layering pieces, budget-friendly promotional tees, performance base layers (often with synthetic fibers).
- Example: A basic 150 GSM cotton t-shirt is commonly found in fast-fashion collections like H&M’s essentials line, designed for everyday casual wear in warmer months.
Medium-Weight (Typically 160-200 GSM)
- Characteristics: This is the most common range for standard t-shirts globally. The fabric has a balanced feel – not too thin, not too thick. It offers a good balance of structure and drape.
- Pros: Versatile for year-round wear in moderate climates. Good balance of breathability and durability. Generally offers decent opacity. Comfortable for everyday wear.
- Cons: May not be ideal for extremely hot or extremely cold conditions.
- Use Cases: Everyday casual tees, band merchandise, standard uniform shirts, and graphic tees that require a good base.
- Example: A 180 GSM t-shirt is a popular choice for its comfortable weight and versatility. Many well-regarded basic tees from brands like Uniqlo U often fall into this range, offering a solid feel without being overly heavy, providing comfort and good opacity.
Heavyweight (Typically 200-300 GSM)
- Characteristics: Fabrics in this range feel substantial, thick, and often have a more structured, rigid drape. They hold their shape very well.
- Pros: Very durable and long-lasting. Provides warmth in cooler weather. Offers excellent opacity, even in white. Creates a premium, high-quality appearance and feel. Ideal base for high-quality printing or embroidery due to stability.
- Cons: Less breathable, can feel warm in hot weather. May feel bulky to some people. Often more expensive. Longer drying time.
- Use Cases: Winter tees, streetwear apparel, premium basic tees, oversized fits, durable work shirts, high-end graphic tees, vintage-style tees seeking a robust feel.
- Example: A 240 GSM t-shirt is frequently used for premium streetwear brands or high-quality graphic tees where a substantial feel and durability are desired. These tees often feature looser, boxier cuts to complement the fabric’s structure.
Visual Aid: T-Shirt GSM Comparison Table
| GSM Range (Approx.) | Thickness | Feel/Drape | Breathability | Durability | Typical Use Cases | Example Brands/Styles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120 - 160 GSM | Thin/Light | Soft, Fluid Drape | High | Lower | Summer tees, Undershirts, Layering, Budget Promos | H&M Basics, Lightweight Summer Tees |
| 160 - 200 GSM | Standard | Balanced, Versatile | Medium | Medium | Everyday Tees, Band Tees, Standard Blanks, Uniqlo U | Gildan Heavy Cotton, Many Mid-Range Tees |
| 200 - 300 GSM | Thick/Heavy | Structured, Sturdy | Lower | Higher | Streetwear, Winter Tees, Premium Basics, Oversized | Supreme, Carhartt, High-end Streetwear |
Understanding these ranges helps you quickly gauge the potential feel and performance of a t-shirt based on its stated GSM, if available.
4. Beyond GSM: Other Factors Impacting T-Shirt Quality
While GSM is a significant indicator of t-shirt thickness and weight, it’s not the only factor determining overall quality. A high GSM doesn’t automatically mean high quality, just as a low GSM doesn’t automatically mean poor quality; it depends on the intended use. Several other elements contribute to a fabric’s feel, look, and longevity.
Yarn Count
Yarn count is a measure of how fine or coarse the individual threads (yarns) used to knit the fabric are. A higher yarn count (e.g., 40s, 50s) means finer, thinner yarns, while a lower yarn count (e.g., 10s, 20s) means thicker, coarser yarns.
Even at the same GSM, fabrics made with finer yarns (higher yarn count) will generally feel smoother, softer, and often have a more luxurious drape. A 180 GSM t-shirt made with 40s yarn will feel different and likely softer than a 180 GSM t-shirt made with coarser 20s yarn. The finer yarns allow for a tighter, smoother knit structure.
Weave (or Knit) Type
For t-shirts, the structure is typically a knit rather than a weave. The type of knit affects the fabric’s texture, stretch, and drape.
- Jersey Knit: The most common type for tees. It has a distinct V-shaped stitch on the face and loops on the back. Jersey is naturally slightly stretchy and provides a soft drape.
- Interlock Knit: A double-knit construction that looks the same on both sides. It’s generally more stable, thicker, and less likely to curl at the edges than jersey.
- Pique Knit: Has a textured, waffle-like or honeycomb pattern. Often used for polo shirts but sometimes for heavier tees. Less soft than jersey or interlock initially but very durable.
A 180 GSM t-shirt made from jersey knit will likely feel softer and have more drape than a 180 GSM t-shirt made from interlock, which will feel denser and more structured, even though their weight per square meter is the same.
Fabric Finishing
Textile finishing processes applied after knitting can significantly enhance fabric quality, regardless of GSM. Examples include:
- Bio-Washing: Uses enzymes to remove surface fibers, resulting in a much softer feel and reduced pilling.
- Mercerization: A process for cotton that increases its luster, strength, and dye uptake.
- Compacting: A Mechanical process that reduces fabric shrinkage.
- Brushing/Napping: Creates a soft, fuzzy surface.
A 160 GSM t-shirt that has been bio-washed and compacted can feel much softer and more premium than an unfinished 180 GSM t-shirt.
Fiber Quality and Blends
The type and quality of the fibers used are fundamental to the fabric’s characteristics.
- Cotton Quality: Different types of cotton (learn more on types of cotton) (e.g., standard Upland cotton vs. Pima or Supima cotton with longer staples) have varying levels of softness, strength, and durability. A 180 GSM tee made with high-quality long-staple cotton will feel significantly better than one made with lower-grade, short-staple cotton, which might feel rougher and pill more easily.
- Fiber Blends: T-shirts are often made from blends like cotton-polyester, cotton-rayon, or tri-blends (cotton, poly, rayon). A 180 GSM 100% cotton t-shirt will feel and perform differently than a 180 GSM cotton-polyester blend. Cotton is more breathable and absorbent, while polyester adds durability, wrinkle resistance, and quicker drying. Understanding the properties of different fibers is key. For more detailed information on how different fibers and construction techniques affect fabric quality, resources like Cotton Monk offer insights into textile manufacturing nuances.
Eco-Friendly Options
Sustainable fabrics like organic cotton, recycled polyester, Tencel Lyocell, or hemp also come in various GSMs. While their sustainability is their primary feature, their inherent fiber properties and how they are processed influence the final fabric feel, drape, and durability within a given GSM range. For example, an organic cotton tee might typically fall in the 160-200 GSM range, offering a balance of comfort and moderate structure, similar to conventional cotton but with added environmental benefits.
In conclusion, while GSM provides a critical baseline for understanding t-shirt thickness and weight, a truly high-quality t-shirt is the result of the interplay between GSM, yarn count, knit type, finishing processes, and the quality of the raw fibers themselves.
5. How GSM Changes Post-Wash: What to Expect
When you buy a t-shirt, its listed GSM represents its weight per square meter before you take it home and throw it in the washing machine. A question many people don’t consider is: does washing affect the GSM of a t-shirt? The answer is yes, though not in the way you might initially think. The weight of the fabric itself doesn’t significantly change (unless fibers are lost, which is minimal in normal washing), but the density can.
The primary factor influencing post-wash GSM is shrinkage. Fabric shrinkage is a natural process where the fibers in the garment contract during washing and drying due to moisture, heat, and agitation. When a fabric shrinks, its overall surface area decreases. However, the total weight of the fabric remains largely the same.
Since GSM is calculated as Weight / Area, if the weight stays constant or decreases only slightly, but the area decreases, the resulting GSM calculation will increase. For instance, a t-shirt initially measuring 180 GSM might shrink slightly after its first wash. If its surface area is now smaller while holding nearly the same weight, its effective GSM might increase to around 190 GSM. It will feel a little denser, often slightly thicker, and potentially stiffer than its pre-washed state.
This change in perceived thickness and weight is a common experience after washing cotton garments, especially if they haven’t been pre-treated. The fabric’s drape and feel can also be altered.
The Role of Pre-Shrunk Fabrics
This is where the concept of “pre-shrunk” fabrics becomes important, particularly in quality apparel. Many reputable clothing manufacturers treat their fabrics before cutting and sewing the garment. This pre-shrinking process minimizes the fabric’s tendency to shrink further after its first wash by the consumer.
For t-shirts made from pre-shrunk fabric, the change in GSM post-wash is significantly less dramatic. While some minor shrinkage might still occur, it will be minimal compared to untreated fabric. This means a 180 GSM pre-shrunk t-shirt will likely remain very close to 180 GSM even after multiple washes, maintaining its original fit, feel, and intended drape much better than a non-pre-shrunk equivalent. Choosing t-shirts labeled as “pre-shrunk” is often a good indicator of quality and predictability in how the garment will perform and feel over time.
Care Tips to Maintain Fabric Weight and Quality
While pre-shrinking helps, your laundry practices also play a crucial role in minimizing post-wash GSM changes and preserving the overall quality of your t-shirts. Harsh washing and drying methods accelerate shrinkage and can damage fibers, affecting the fabric’s structure and feel.
Here are some tips to help maintain your t-shirt’s intended feel and minimize unwanted GSM changes:
- Wash in Cold Water: Hot water causes fibers to contract more readily. Washing in cold water reduces shrinkage significantly.
- Use a Gentle Cycle: Excessive agitation can also contribute to shrinkage and fiber stress. A gentle cycle is kinder to the fabric.
- Avoid High Heat Drying: The tumble dryer, especially on high heat, is the biggest culprit for shrinkage. High heat forces fibers to contract intensely.
- Air Dry or Tumble Dry Low: Whenever possible, air dry your t-shirts by laying them flat or hanging them. If you must use a dryer, use the lowest heat setting or an air-only cycle. This dramatically reduces shrinkage and helps preserve the fabric’s integrity and GSM.
- Wash Inside Out: This helps protect the outer surface of the fabric, including any prints, from abrasion, which can subtly affect the fabric finish over time.
By following these care tips, you can help ensure your t-shirts retain their fit, feel, and intended GSM characteristics for longer, keeping that favourite tee feeling just right wash after wash.
6: Choosing the Best GSM for Your T-Shirt
Selecting a t-shirt isn’t just about color, design, or even brand; the fabric’s GSM plays a critical role in its comfort, durability, drape, and how suitable it is for different situations. Understanding how different GSM values correlate with thickness and feel empowers you to make the best choice for your needs, climate, and style preferences. Here’s a guide to help you navigate the world of t-shirt GSM.
Climate-Based Choices
The climate you live in or the season you’re buying for is one of the most significant factors in choosing the right GSM.
- Warm Weather & Hot Climates (120-160 GSM):
- Feel: These fabrics are very lightweight, thin, and airy. They often feel soft and have a noticeable drape.
- Use: Ideal for scorching summers, tropical climates, or as a light underlayer. Their low density allows for maximum breathability and helps heat dissipate quickly. They dry faster, which is a bonus in humid conditions.
- Consideration: Lower GSM can sometimes mean more transparency, especially in lighter colors. Durability might be slightly less than heavier fabrics, but good quality cotton in this range can still be quite durable.
- Year-Round Versatility (160-200 GSM):
- Feel: This is the sweet spot for many standard t-shirts. The fabric feels substantial enough to not feel flimsy, yet remains breathable and comfortable. It has a good balance of drape and structure.
- Use: Perfect for transitional seasons, mild climates, or as a foundational piece for layering. A t-shirt in this range works well on its own on a pleasant day or under a jacket or sweater in cooler weather. It offers a great balance of comfort, durability, and breathability for everyday wear.
- Cold Weather & Layering (200-300+ GSM):
- Feel: These are heavyweight fabrics that feel thick, durable, and sometimes have a slightly stiffer or more structured feel than lighter options. They provide significant warmth.
- Use: Excellent for cooler weather as a standalone piece or as part of a layering system. Heavyweight tees offer insulation and have a robust feel that can lend a premium or streetwear aesthetic. They are generally very durable.
- Consideration: Less breathable than lighter fabrics, they can feel too warm in hot conditions.
Style Preferences
Beyond comfort, GSM heavily influences the look and drape of a t-shirt, impacting your overall style.
- Casual & Lightweight (150 GSM):
- Favored for a relaxed, laid-back style. The fabric drapes loosely and follows the body’s lines comfortably without feeling restrictive. This GSM range is great for a typical “basic tee” look.
- Premium, Structured, & Streetwear (200-240+ GSM):
- Higher GSM fabrics offer more structure and less drape. The t-shirt holds its shape better, giving a cleaner, more ‘premium’ or ‘streetwear’ silhouette. This weight feels substantial and high-quality, often associated with more durable, long-lasting garments. Think of a crisp, boxy tee that doesn’t cling.
Budget and Use Case
Your budget and the intended use of the t-shirt also factor into the ideal GSM choice.
- Budget-Friendly, Everyday Tees (150-180 GSM):
- This range offers a good balance of affordability and reasonable quality for mass-produced, everyday wear. They are comfortable and suitable for casual use where ultimate durability or a heavyweight feel isn’t the primary concern.
- Activewear & Performance (Often 160-200 GSM, but Varies):
- While synthetic fabrics dominate true performance wear, many brands use blended fabrics or specific cotton weaves optimized for activity. GSM in this context often balances breathability, stretch, and durability. A range like 160-200 GSM might be used for casual athletic tees or base layers that need some substance but also moisture management (though performance fabrics have other tech). Brands like Artilect Performance utilize specific GSMs in their technical fabrics (like Nuyarn wool blends) chosen for their unique strength-to-weight ratios, moisture handling, and thermoregulation properties – demonstrating that even outside traditional cotton, GSM informs performance.
- Cosplay, Printing, & Graphic Tees (200+ GSM Recommended):
- For t-shirts intended for vibrant graphic prints, detailed designs, or durable costume pieces (like cosplay), a higher GSM is often preferred. The thicker fabric provides a smoother, more stable surface for printing techniques like screen printing or direct-to-garment (DTG), leading to sharper details and less ink bleed-through. The added weight also makes the garment more durable, helping the print last longer and the shirt maintain its shape through wear and washing.
Putting it Together: A Practical Example
Let’s consider needing a t-shirt for specific scenarios:
- Scenario 1: Summer in a Hot Climate (like India): You prioritize breathability and staying cool. A 160 GSM cotton t-shirt would be an excellent choice. It’s light enough to allow air circulation but substantial enough not to feel flimsy.
- Scenario 2: Winter Layering or Standalone Cooler Weather Tee: You need warmth and a more substantial feel. A 240 GSM tee offers significant insulation and feels durable. It works perfectly as a base layer in very cold conditions or as a comfortable, warm top on a crisp autumn day.
- Scenario 3: Creating a High-Quality Graphic Tee: You want your design to pop on a durable shirt that feels premium. Opting for a 200-220 GSM t-shirt provides a great print surface and the weight associated with higher quality apparel.
By considering your climate, desired style, budget, and how you plan to use the t-shirt, you can use GSM as a powerful tool to make a well-informed purchase.
7: Interactive Tool: Find Your Perfect T-Shirt GSM
Understanding GSM is one thing, but applying it to your fabrics or t-shirts can bring the concept to life. That’s why we’ve created two interactive tools to help you find the perfect t-shirt GSM for your needs. Use our GSM Calculator to determine the GSM of any fabric, or take our quick quiz to discover the best GSM for your wardrobe.
GSM Calculator: Calculate Fabric Weight in Seconds
Our GSM Calculator lets you calculate the grams per square meter (GSM) of any fabric by entering its weight and dimensions. This is perfect if you’re buying fabric, designing custom t-shirts, or simply curious about your favorite tee’s GSM. Here’s how to use it:
- Measure a piece of fabric and note its dimensions (e.g., 1 meter by 1 meter).
- Weigh the fabric in grams using a scale (e.g., 180 grams).
- Enter the weight (in grams) and dimensions (in meters) into the calculator below.
- Click ‘Calculate’ to get the GSM (e.g., 180 GSM for a 1×1 meter fabric weighing 180 grams).
Use the GSM Calculator below to find your fabric’s GSM:
Advanced GSM Calculator
Quiz: Discover Your Ideal T-Shirt GSM
Not sure which GSM is right for you? Take our quick quiz to find out! Answer a few questions about your climate, style preferences, and budget, and we’ll recommend the perfect t-shirt GSM. Here’s what you’ll answer:
- What’s your local climate like? (e.g., Hot and humid, Cold and dry, Moderate)
- What’s your style preference? (e.g., Lightweight and casual, Structured and premium)
- What’s your budget? (e.g., Budget-friendly, Mid-range, Premium)
Based on your answers, we’ll suggest a GSM range (e.g., 120-160 GSM for lightweight summer tees) and recommend t-shirts from our collection that match your needs. Take the quiz below to find your ideal t-shirt GSM:
Discover Your Ideal T-Shirt GSM
Have you calculated your fabric’s GSM or found your ideal t-shirt GSM? Share your results in the comments below! Ready to shop? Check out our collection of graphic t-shirts and hoodies at PodLyft, crafted with premium GSM fabrics for every style and season.
Conclusion: Find Your Perfect T-Shirt with GSM
In summary, GSM is a crucial factor in t-shirt thickness and quality, affecting everything from durability to comfort. Whether you prefer a lightweight 150 GSM tee for summer or a heavyweight 240 GSM tee for winter, understanding GSM helps you choose the perfect t-shirt. To dive deeper into how to choose the best t-shirt design, check out our guide on Minimalist T-shirt Designs for a simple look to learn how different materials interact with GSM and affect your t-shirt’s performance.
What’s your favorite GSM for t-shirts? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
Ready to find your ideal t-shirt? Explore PodLyft’s collection, crafted with premium GSM fabrics for style and comfort!
Frequently Asked Questions About GSM Fabric
- Fiber type: Higher-quality cotton (e.g., pima, Supima) results in a softer, more durable shirt.
- Yarn count: A higher yarn count indicates finer, more tightly woven fabric, leading to a smoother, more durable shirt.
- Construction: Different knitting or weaving techniques affect the fabric’s texture and durability.
- Finishing processes: Processes like pre-shrinking and mercerization enhance the fabric’s softness, durability, and colorfastness.
